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Leadership: Equality, Justice, Truth, and Freedom

Initiative: Equality, Justice, Truth, and Freedom| Busi 472-Organizational Ethics || Katherine Carpenter| 10/3/2011| Abstract | In this paper the peruser will find out about authority. The reason for this paper is from a statement by Clarence Walton, â€Å"Leadership, a not well characterized word, originates from comprehension and regarding four vital thoughts: equity, equity, truth, and freedom,† (Hosmer, 2011). This paper will show the significance of the four plans to initiative. IntroductionLeadership is characterized as â€Å"the position or capacity of a pioneer, an individual who manages or coordinates a group,† (Dictionary. com, 2011). How does an individual become a pioneer and what should that person’s values be to be a decent pioneer? Clarence Walton said all that needed to be said, he said â€Å"Leadership, a poorly characterized word, originates from comprehension and regarding four critical thoughts: fairness, equity, truth, and freedom,† (H osmer, 2011). The thoughts expressed by Clarence Walton are extremely significant in building a capable pioneer. In this paper every one of the four thoughts will be extended on.There have been numerous pioneers before and the current who have been extraordinary pioneers since they comprehended and regarded the urgent thoughts of being a pioneer. Fairness in Leadership Equality is characterized as â€Å"the state or nature of being equivalent; correspondence in amount, degree, worth, position, or ability,† (Dictionary. com, 2011). Balance ought to be trailed by a pioneer, since they will lose or never gain regard on the off chance that they don't treat every individual similarly. In any event, when ladies were first permitted to work with the men they were not treated equally.Some ladies were just given employments that others felt that a lady could deal with and the ladies that had a similar activity title as a man were paid altogether not exactly the man. An incredible pion eer is one that will take a gander at the work that the individual has done as opposed to pass judgment on them on their sex or shading. â€Å"Discrimination of any sort subverts the quality of our communities,† (Association of Flight Attendants, 2011). I feel this is a genuine articulation, in such a case that one or a few are not treated similarly then the assistance and backing of those is lost making the entire weaker.Justice in Leadership Justice is characterized as â€Å"the nature of being simply; nobility, evenhandedness, or moral rightness,† (Dictionary. com, 2011). Equity is a significant quality for a pioneer to have. On the off chance that a pioneer was not simply, at that point his position would be unreasonable, and individuals won't have any desire to work for somebody who is uncalled for. On the off chance that a pioneer isn't simply, at that point individuals won't hold the position long. Blaise Pascal who was a French logician stated, â€Å"Justice a nd force must be united, with the goal that whatever is simply might be amazing, and whatever is ground-breaking might be just,† (BookRags, 2001).There are numerous understandings of the Goddess of Justice yet the primary thoughts of her are that she is blindfolded adjusting a scale and employing a blade, (Dean, 1999). This shows being simply in initiative takes a ton of difficult work and commitment to conquer any deterrents. In the event that being a pioneer was simple, at that point everybody would do it. Truth in Leadership Truth is characterized as â€Å"the valid or real condition of a matter,† (Dictionary. com, 2011). Truth is a simple subject. In the event that it didn't occur or something is only a smidgen off then it isn't the truth.A incredible pioneer won't lie or create truth so as to pick up regard or to attempt to get to a specific result. I have had pioneers that have deceived me or just given me halfway truth; I lost all regard for them and didn't have the foggiest idea when I could really trust them. One of the most concerning issue is the point at which a pioneer lies they should advise another to conceal the primary untruth. Lying is beyond the realm of imagination and it makes individuals not trust a pioneer who have misled them. A pioneer who needs to be a decent pioneer or needs to pick up the regard of others ought to consistently endeavor to tell the truth.Freedom in Leadership Freedom is characterized as â€Å"the condition free or at freedom as opposed to in control or under physical restraint,† (Dictionary. com, 2011). In this nation we have numerous opportunities allowed to us. The entirety of our opportunities are written in the constitution. On the off chance that we didn't have those opportunities the main individuals that held employments would be white guys. There have been pioneers in the past that have assisted with giving all individuals the opportunity to have the option to have occupations. Harriet Tub man was pioneer in her time assisting with liberating slaves, she had faith in the opportunity of others.After Harriet Tubman helped free slaves in the Underground Railroad she sought after women’s rights, (Women ever, 2011). End In this paper the exertion was placed into attempting to show that extraordinary pioneers will have certain characteristics. There have been extraordinary pioneers in the past that have assisted with characterizing what incredible administration is. â€Å"Leadership, a poorly characterized word, originates from comprehension and regarding four significant thoughts: correspondence, equity, truth, and freedom,† (Hosmer, 2011) is the definition that we can use for leadership.If we view the extraordinary pioneers of the past and the four essential thoughts expressed in this paper at that point fuse that into ourselves we to can become incredible pioneers. Being an extraordinary pioneer additionally takes a lot of work so others will regard and adm ire the pioneer. References Association of Flight Attendants. (2011). Relationship of Flight Attendants. Recovered October 3, 2011, from AFA: The Leader of Equality: http://unitedafa. organization/news/subtleties. aspx? id=6233 BookRags. (2001). Brainy Quote. Recovered October 2, 2011, from Blaise Pascal Quotes: http://www. brainyquote. om/cites/creators/b/blaise_pascal_3. html Dean, M. A. (1999). Pictures of the Goddess of Justice. Recovered October 2, 2011, from http://mdean. tripod. com/equity. html Dictionary. com. (2011). Word reference. Recovered October 2, 2011, from word reference. com: http://word reference. reference. com/Hosmer, L. (2011). The Ethics of Management, A multidisciplinary Approach (Vol. Seventh Edition). New York, New York: McGraw-Hill. Ladies ever. Harriet Tubman history. Last Updated: 10/3/2011. Lakewood Public Library. Date got to 10/3/2011. http://www. lkwdpl. organization/wihohio/tubm-har. htm

How Do Pawn Shop Reality Shows Differ From Reality

How Do Pawn Shop Reality Shows Differ From Reality How Do Pawn Shop Reality Shows Differ From Reality TV? How Do Pawn Shop Reality Shows Differ From Reality TV?A visit to your local pawn shop may result in a high-interest loan versus a dramatic trade of merchandise for heaps of cash.At any given time, there are approximately 1,000 pawn shop reality shows. That is actually an exaggeration, but it does feel somewhat true. If you own a local pawn shop, we assume you spend your days on the lookout for camera operators and producers as they attempt to sneak into your establishment and transform it into a reality show with a name like “Pawn Baby Pawn” or “Pawn Mower Man” or “Pawn of the Dead.”You may be surprised to learn, however, that reality shows do not always depict reality with 100% accuracy. The Bachelor winners are rarely together for life and when a competitor is voted off the island on Survivor, they do not actually drown in the surrounding ocean.The same principle applies to pawn shop reality shows. If you are considering visiting a pawn shop near you, it might help to k now beforehand how it differs from the pawn shops you have seen on TV. That is why we spoke to a real-life pawn shop owner to bring you the real-life facts.The pawn shop loanTo those who are not regular watchers of pawn shop reality shows, it might seem like they are all the same. However, different pawn shop shows have different focuses, which means each show will reflect reality, or unreality, in its own specific ways.For example, here is Adam Davis â€" a co-owner of eight pawn shops in Florida and board member of the Florida Pawnbrokers Association â€" with his take on Pawn Stars:“This show mostly portrays the buying and negotiating side of the pawn industry and focuses heavily on fantastic historic artifacts,” he says. This is quite different than daily pawn life on both levels. The majority of transactions done in pawn shops are pawn loans rather than outright purchases.”With a pawn loan, when you trade your valuable to your local pawn shop, they are likely to use your it em as collateral while they wait for you to pay them back with interest. Although these types of transactions are on the decline for 40% of pawnbrokers, according to a 2019 survey  from the National Pawnbrokers Association, they are still a “primary service that pawnbrokers offer to customers who don’t have access to traditional banking services and credit.”This process of trading collateral for a loan is much different than just trading a valuable item for a heap of cash. You can read more about the realities of pawn shops and collateral loans here. Information about other types of personal loans and their risks can be found here.Fantastic findsWhy is it that Pawn Stars can so consistently find unique historical artifacts, like President John F. Kennedy’s cigar box or a Hasselhoff-signed buoy? The stars have some help that the average pawn shop owner likely does not.“While we do get very interesting items on a regular basis, the items shown on this show are not the norm, ” Davis explains. “The History channel has used their wide reach to bring in ‘customers’ and items from around the country to make the show more interesting. Items such as Civil War cannons and incredibly rare vehicles are not commonly brought to the majority of pawn shops around the country.”Save the drama for your mamaReal life is often quite dramatic â€" but it is not always dramatic. And reality television needs to always be dramatic, as is the case with Hardcore Pawn.“This show focuses more on the customer relations and shows in the most dramatic fashion the best and worst possible situations that can arise in a pawn store,” Davis says. However, this differs from what Davis considers typical at his shop. “The vast majority of transactions are extremely smooth and without incident.   For most of our customers, coming to the pawn shop is as regular as going to the grocery store to perform a transaction. We have never had a physical altercation with a customer, and no one has ever had to be physically removed from our stores. While this is the norm in this show, it is far from the truth of what happens in a pawn shop on a daily basis.”Your experience may (will) varyIt is impossible to document every way in which pawn shop reality shows are different from the actual experience of going to a pawn shop. Just as there are a variety of pawn shop reality shows, there are many different types of pawn shops.According to the National Pawnbrokers Association, there were approximately 10,000 pawn establishments across the United States in 2012. And according to Davis:“There are stores that look even nicer than a high-end jewelry store with several millions of dollars of diamonds, watches, and jewelry. There are firearms-focused stores that have 20,000 square feet filled with guns and hunting gear. But the typical pawn shop in America is around 2,500 to 4,500 square feet and carries a huge array of merchandise from jewelry to electronics, tools, spor ting goods, collectibles, musical instruments, and everything in between. Customers will find things that interest them at almost any pawn shop, but they should not expect to see the rarest of rare merchandise nor should they expect to witness someone being forcefully removed from the store because of a customer service blow up.”As Davis makes clear, visiting a pawn shop as either a buyer or a seller may be slightly less exciting than the television would suggest. However, it can still be worth the trip. As a buyer, you may be able to encounter interesting finds in a more tactile manner than just surfing Craigslist or Ebay. As a seller, it is one option to consider if you are looking to get rid of some of your stuff, and it may be a worthy option if you are dealing with a financial emergency and do not have the credit to get a traditional loan. Regardless of why you are visiting, just be ready to engage with the pawn shop experience as it actually is, and not as the television sug gests it might be.Looking for more information about pawn shop loans? We have a few additional articles for you:Is There a Better Option Than the Nearby Pawnshop?The Pros and Cons of Pawn Shop Cash Advances5 Reasons to Avoid Pawn Shop Loans

Fuzzy Logic - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2363 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/23 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Information Essay Did you like this example? Fuzzy Logic B. Vasanth, Electrical and Electronics Department, Rajalakshmi Engineering College Thandalam, Chennai, India [emailprotected] com I. INTRODUCTION Fuzzy logic was developed by Lotfi A. Zadeh in the 1960s in order to provide mathematical rules and functions which permitted natural language queries. Fuzzy logic provides a means of calculating intermediate values between absolute true and absolute false with resulting values ranging between 0. 0 and 1. 0. With fuzzy logic, it is possible to calculate the degree to which an item is a member. Fuzzy logic has rapidly become one of the most successful of todays technologies for developing sophisticated control systems. The reason for which is very simple. Fuzzy logic addresses such applications perfectly as it resembles human decision making with an ability to generate precise solutions from certain or approximate information. It fills an important gap in engineering design methods left vacant by purely mathematical ap proaches (e. . linear control design), and purely logic-based approaches (e. g. expert systems) in system design. While other approaches require accurate equations to model real-world behaviours, fuzzy design can accommodate the ambiguities of real-world human language and logic. It provides both an intuitive method for describing systems in human terms and automates the conversion of those system specifications into effective models. II. HOW DOES FUZZY LOGIC WORK? Fuzzy Logic requires some numerical parameters in order to operate such as what is considered significant error and significant rate-of-change-of-error, but exact values of these numbers are usually not critical unless very responsive performance is required in which case empirical tuning would determine them. For example, a simple temperature control system could use a single temperature feedback sensor whose data is subtracted from the command signal to compute error and then time-differentiated to yield the error sl ope or rate-of-change-of-error, hereafter called error-dot. Error might have units of degs F and a small error considered to be 2F while a large error is 5F. The error-dot might then have units of degs/min with a small error-dot being 5F/min and a large one being 15F/min. These values dont have to be symmetrical and can be tweaked once the system is operating in order to optimize performance. Generally, FL is so forgiving that the system will probably work the first time without any tweaking. III. FUZZY SETS A fuzzy set is a set whose elements have degrees of membership. That is, a member of a set can be full member (100% membership status) or a partial member (e. g. ess than 100% membership and greater than 0% membership). †¢A fuzzy subset F of a set S can be defined as a set of ordered pairs. The first element of the ordered pair is from the set S, and the second element from the ordered pair is from the interval [0, 1]. †¢The value zero is used to represent non-membe rship; the value one is used to represent complete membership and the values in between are used to represent degrees of membership. IV. FUZZY SET OPERATIONS ?Union The membership function of the Union of two fuzzy sets A and B with membership functions and respectively is defined as the maximum of the two individual membership functions. This is called the maximum criterion. The Union operation in Fuzzy set theory is the equivalent of the OR operation in Boolean algebra. ?Intersection The membership function of the Intersection of two fuzzy sets A and B with membership functions and respectively is defined as the minimum of the two individual membership functions. This is called the minimum criterion. The Intersection operation in Fuzzy set theory is the equivalent of the AND operation in Boolean algebra ? Complement The membership function of the Complement of a Fuzzy set A with membership function is defined as the negation of the specified membership function. This is cale ed the negation criterion. The Complement operation in Fuzzy set theory is the equivalent of the NOT operation in Boolean algebra. The following rules which are common in classical set theory also apply to Fuzzy set theory. ?De Morgan’s Law ?Associativity ?Commutativity ?Distributivity V. WHY USE FUZZY LOGIC? Fuzzy Logic offers several unique features that make it a particularly good choice for many control problems. 1) It is inherently robust since it does not require precise, noise-free inputs and can be programmed to fail safely if a feedback sensor quits or is destroyed. The output control is a smooth control function despite a wide range of input variations. 2) Since the Fuzzy Logic controller processes user-defined rules governing the target control system, it can be modified and tweaked easily to improve or drastically alter system performance. New sensors can easily be incorporated into the system simply by generating appropriate governing rules. 3) Fuzzy Logic is not limited to a few feedback inputs and one or two control outputs, nor is it necessary to measure or compute rate-of-change parameters in order for it to be implemented. Any sensor data that provides some indication of a systems actions and reactions is sufficient. This allows the sensors to be inexpensive and imprecise thus keeping the overall system cost and complexity low. 4) Because of the rule-based operation, any reasonable number of inputs can be processed (1-8 or more) and numerous outputs (1-4 or more) generated, although defining the rule base quickly becomes complex if too many inputs and outputs are chosen for a single implementation since rules defining their interrelations must also be defined. It would be better to break the control system into smaller chunks and use several smaller Fuzzy Logic controllers distributed on the system, each with more limited responsibilities. 5) Fuzzy Logic can control nonlinear systems that would be difficult or impossible to mo del mathematically. This opens doors for control systems that would normally be deemed unfeasible for automation. VI. HOW IS FUZZY LOGIC USED? 1) Define the control objectives and criteria: What am I trying to control? What do I have to do to control the system? What kind of response do I need? What are the possible (probable) system failure modes? ) Determine the input and output relationships and choose a minimum number of variables for input to the Fuzzy Logic engine (typically error and rate-of-change-of-error). 3) Using the rule-based structure of Fuzzy Logic, break the control problem down into a series of IF X AND Y THEN Z rules that define the desired system output response for given system input conditions. The number and complexity of rules depends on the number of input parameters that are to be processed and the number fuzzy variables associated with each parameter. If possible, use at least one variable and its time derivative. Although it is possible to use a single , instantaneous error parameter without knowing its rate of change, this cripples the systems ability to minimize overshoot for a step inputs. 4) Create Fuzzy Logic membership functions that define the meaning (values) of Input/Output terms used in the rules. 5) Create the necessary pre- and post-processing Fuzzy Logic routines if implementing in S/W, otherwise program the rules into the Fuzzy Logic H/W engine. 6) Test the system, evaluate the results, tune the rules and membership functions, and retest until satisfactory results are obtained. VII. DEGREES OF TRUTH Fuzzy logic and probabilistic logic are mathematically similar – both have truth values ranging between 0 and 1 – but conceptually distinct, due to different interpretations. Fuzzy logic corresponds to degrees of truth, while probabilistic logic corresponds to probability, likelihood; as these differ, fuzzy logic and probabilistic logic yield different models of the same real-world situations. Both degree s of truth and probabilities range between 0 and 1 and hence may seem similar at first. It is essential to realize that fuzzy logic uses truth degrees as a mathematical model of the vagueness phenomenon while probability is a mathematical model of randomness. 1)Truth values A basic application might characterize subranges of a continuous varirable. For instance, a temperature measurement for anti-lock brakes might have several separate membership functions defining particular temperature ranges needed to control the brakes properly. Each function maps the same temperature value to a truth value in the 0 to 1 range. These truth values can then be used to determine how the brakes should be controlled. Fuzzy logic temperature In this image, the meaning of the expressions cold, warm, and hot is represented by functions mapping a temperature scale. A point on that scale has three truth values—one for each of the three functions. The vertical line in the image represents a pa rticular temperature that the three arrows (truth values) gauge. Since the red arrow points to zero, this temperature may be interpreted as not hot. The orange arrow (pointing at 0. 2) may describe it as slightly warm and the blue arrow (pointing at 0. 8) fairly cold. 2)Linguistic variables While variables in mathematics usually take numerical values, in fuzzy logic applications, the non-numeric linguistic variables are often used to facilitate the expression of rules and facts. A linguistic variable such as age may have a value such as young or its antonym old. However, the great utility of linguistic variables is that they can be modified via linguistic hedges applied to primary terms. The linguistic hedges can be associated with certain functions. VIII. LIMITATIONS OF FUZZY LOGIC It is difficult to make arguments for certain theories if it cant be shown to perform alongside existing and accepted theories. Things like propositional logic are exact. If a statement in proposit ional logic could be illustrated with fuzzy logic and fuzzy logic did it better, then maybe fuzzy would be more widely accepted. Fuzzy logic cannot be used for unsolvable problems. This seems fairly reasonable, but its perception of being a guessing game may lead people to believe that it can be used for anything. An obvious drawback to fuzzy logic is that its not always accurate. The results are perceived as a guess, so it may not be as widely trusted as an answer from classical logic. Certainly, though, some chances need to be taken. How else can dressmakers succeed in business by assuming the average height for women is 56? Fuzzy logic can be easily confused with probability theory, and the terms used interchangeably. While they are similar concepts, they do not say the same things. Probability is the likelihood that something is true. Fuzzy logic is the degree to which something is true (or within a membership set). Classical logicians argue that fuzzy logic is unnecessary. A nything that fuzzy logic is used for can be easily explained using classic logic. For example, true and false are discrete. Fuzzy logic claims that there can be a gray area between true and false. But classic logic says that the definition of terms is inaccurate, as opposed to the actual truth of the statement. Fuzzy logic has traditionally low respectability. That is probably its biggest problem. While fuzzy logic may be the superset of all logic, people dont believe it. Classical logic is much easier to agree with because it delivers precision. Open-mindedness on the part of those who use logic is needed in order to change the acceptance of fuzzy logic. IX. EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1 Fuzzy set theory defines fuzzy operators on fuzzy sets. The problem in applying this is that the appropriate fuzzy operator may not be known. For this reason, fuzzy logic usually uses IF-THEN rules, or constructs that are equivalent, such as fuzzy associative matrices. Rules are usually expressed in the form: IF variable IS property THEN action For example, a simple temperature regulator that uses a fan might look like this: IF temperature IS very cold THEN stop fan IF temperature IS cold THEN turn down fan IF temperature IS normal THEN maintain level IF temperature IS hot THEN speed up fan There is no ELSE – all of the rules are evaluated, because the temperature might be cold and normal at the same time to different degrees. The AND, OR, and NOT operators of Boolean logic exist in fuzzy logic, usually defined as the minimum, maximum, and complement; when they are defined this way, they are called the Zadeh operators. So for the fuzzy variables x and y: NOT x = (1 truth(x)) x AND y = minimum(truth(x), truth(y)) x OR y = maximum(truth(x), truth(y)) There are also other operators, more linguistic in nature, called hedges that can be applied. These are generally adverbs such as very, or somewhat, which modify the meaning of a set using a mathematical formula. EXAMPLE 2 Consider the colour wheel. Remember that there are 3 primary colours: Red, Yellow, and Blue. These colours, separately, represent crisp sets. For example, true red is a non-member of true blue and of true yellow; true blue is a non-member of true yellow and of true red; yellow is a non-member of true red and of true blue. There is a crisp boundary between these primary colours. But, it is possible to mix these colours with varying amounts of the true colours resulting in different shades of non-true colours. For example, mixing true red with true blue in equal portions of each will result in violet with a membership degree of 0. 5 in true red and 0. 5 in true blue. Different amounts of true red and true blue will result in varied membership values for the violet. The different violets represent the fuzzy boundaries between true red and true blue! EXAMPLE 3 Here is an example describing a set of young people using fuzzy sets. In general, young people range from the age of 0 to 20 . But, if we use this strict interval to define young people, then a person on his 20th birthday is still young (still a member of the set). But on the day after his 20th birthday, this person is now old (not a member of the young set). How can one remedy this? By RELAXING the boundary between the strict separation of young and old. This separation can easily be relaxed by considering the boundary between young and old as fuzzy. The figure below graphically illustrates a fuzzy set of young and old people. Notice in the figure that people whose ages are = zero and 20 and 30 are partial members of the young set. For example, a person who is 25 would be young to the degree of 0. 5. Finally people whose ages are = 30 are non-members of the young set. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fuzzy Logic" essay for you Create order

Intersectionality And Gender Discrimination How It s...

For this project there was an opportunity for me to interview anybody on the topics of intersectionality and gender discrimination that happens in peoples workplace. I choose my roommate Ria who is 24 years old which is more in the younger side to people might seem as she will not have many encounters with the topics mentioned. In that case, I want to show how it’s the opposite being young Mexican women there comes more discrimination and not many employers hire them. In order to get a better understanding of how other people can be towards some employers I asked her many questions about her jobs environments which are Denny s and Jasmine Adult Day Health Center. This important to see how young Mexican women or women in general get criticized for their gender and some for their race. The topics intersectionality and gender discrimination are words many people do not know of in full knowledge in this class it became understandable that it s everywhere. This two words have strong meaning because intersectionality is only having one gender and one race working for a certain job not having diversity. As for gender discrimination it is based on the gender and one gender having more privileges which is usually men. My interviewee Ria was knowledgeable in this because she went to school and right away she felt a connection to this topics. At her job Dennys she is a server and at the Jasmine Adult Day Center she is the social workers assistant they both receive many people

Orchestra Concert Free Essays

The music played throughout all of the concerts adhered to be diverse. The instruments, the individuals performing, and the conductor all proved to be outstanding. The concerts proved to be interesting as I witnessed them, first hand. We will write a custom essay sample on Orchestra Concert or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first concert I attended was performed by the Dallas Symphony Orchestra. The orchestra had performed Shostakovich’s â€Å"Symphony NO. 7, Leningrad† from the Romantic era. The orchestra was a large ensemble (1) containing various instruments that contributed to the overall sound of the piece. Since the orchestra was a large ensemble, just like the instrumentation common in the Romantic era, the orchestra was able to perform in a lively, vigorous manner, probably vivace (2). The orchestra performed tutti (3), in which all of the instruments of the ensemble played together. Every member of the orchestra played with exactness and steady energy, or in other words, con gusto (4). Overall, all the instruments included in the ensemble were needed for the piece to sound fanciful. In addition to the large ensemble, the orchestra played in an allargando (5) manner, in which the orchestra grew louder and then softer, which is also common to the Romantic era. As the orchestra progressed through the piece, the orchestra used various bow styles in order to dramatize the music. The ensemble played the symphony using legato, marcato (5), and spiccato (6), which contributed to the immense sound. The composer’s style of this piece was typical for the Romantic era because the composition was extensive, and included the piano, which is a well-known, as well as, important instrument in the Romantic era. The symphony, although has many characteristics included in the Romantic era, is not completely similar to other pieces that I have performed that are included in the Romantic era. Unlike the Shostakovich’s symphony, â€Å"Largo†, is a slow and steady piece that includes dynamic fluctuations. Similar to the symphony, the piece â€Å"Bacchanale† involves using marcato throughout the piece. While the orchestra was performing, the audience sat silent in order to observe the orchestra. All of the members of the orchestra seemed to be attentive to the conductor, which is important because every member of the orchestra needs to be aware of what is going to happen next in the music. The brass and the string had sections in the music, where they were the most important parts. Overall, the Dallas Symphony Orchestra performed well as a whole group. The second concert I attended was performed by the Richardson Symphony Orchestra. The orchestra performed â€Å"Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 582† by Bach, which is part of the Baroque era. The string instruments of the orchestra performed with the hair of the bow, in other words, arco (7). By using lots of motion or most commonly known as mosso (8), the orchestra increased the tension of the piece. The orchestra played at a pretty fast tempo (9), probably allegro. The piece had a distinct part where the harp played. The ensemble was large, in order to attain the full sound of the piece. The instruments played in the orchestra did not comply with the typical orchestras of the Baroque era because it did not have a distinct part where were the main instruments were the piano and the bass, or more commonly known as basso continuo (10). Along with the use of basso continuo, the orchestra used ornamentation by adding grace notes (11) throughout the piece. The Baroque era also included the doctrine of affections (12), in which the Richardson Symphony Orchestra demonstrated by playing faster notes to demonstrate happiness. The style of the composer was distinctive of the Baroque era because he use both ornamentation and doctrine of affections. The bow stroke of the piece that was mostly used was legato. Unlike the piece we previously played in orchestra which is also part of the Baroque era (â€Å"Allegro in D for Strings†), the piece the symphony performed did not have the marcato stroke. My favorite part of the whole composition was when the harp was playing distinctly, but overall the orchestra played magnificently. The intonation of the orchestra was precise and all of the members of the orchestra played well as a whole. The orchestra also performed â€Å"Concerto #23 in A major, K. 488† by Mozart, which is part of the Mozart era. The orchestra included many instruments, as well as the piano, which had a very important part in the piece. The piano seemed to have the solo (13) in the piece. The use of the piano is not a standard to the classical era, although it contributed to the overall sound of the piece. The piece that the orchestra performed was extensive, which is a common characteristic of the Classical era. The composition reflected a fanciful style, known as caprice (14). The composer used some of the typical characteristics of the Classical era, by making the piece lengthier than those of the Baroque era, but the composer also added a twist by using the piano. The orchestra used both legato and marcato to reflect a whimsical style. The composition most likely included cue notes (15), in order to guide the players who were not playing while the piano was. Similarly to the piece that the Richardson Symphony Orchestra performed, â€Å"Menuetto† by Mozart also reflects a fanciful style that uses legato. The composition that the orchestra performed made me feel light-hearted. All of the professional musicians that performed had paid attention to the piano solo, in addition to paying attention to the conductor. Most of the string instruments used the middle part of their bow, in order to play quickly which reflected a fast sound. All of the professional concerts that I attended were a great learning experience but were also a blast to watch. How to cite Orchestra Concert, Essay examples

Televisions Role In Making Gays And Lesbians Essays - Gender

Televisions Role In Making Gays And Lesbians I ONLY INTEND TO ASK A QUESTION AND PERHAPS ANSWER IT. GAYS HAVE COME FROM THE CONTINUOS ARROUSAL PROVIDED BY TELEVISION AND ITS DIRECTORS. MEN ARE FORCED TO WATCH SPORT WITH MEN AND NO FEMALES. THERE ARE SPORTS WITH FEMALES BUT THIS IS VERY LIMITED AND THEY ARE NOT VERY SPIRITUALLLY ENTERTAININING. MEN THEN WATCH MOVIES OF MEN PALYING WITH ANOTHER DISENABLING THEM TO CONSIDER THEIR TRUE COUNTERPARTS THE FEMALE. WOMEN HAVE BECOME LESBIANS BECAUSE IT IS SOMESOORT OF EXPERIMENT AND COMPETION BETWEEN THE GENDERS. IT IS TOO LATE AS THE LACK OF GENDER CONTROL IN SPORT AND SEXUAL PLAGUES OF LESBIANS AND GAYS ARE MANIPULATING AND MAKE THE VIEWER WHETHER MALE OR FEMALE CONTEMPLATE AND THEN CONVERT TO SUCH HYPOCRICY. ****************************************************** WRITE BACK TO ME AND TELL IF TELEVISION DICTATES YOUR LIFE. ************************************************ FOR I AM AN EXPERT IN MEDIA MANIPULATION AND THE AFFECTS OF SUCH ECOLOGICAL DAMMAGE WHICH MAY LEAD TO THE INNEVITABLE NO ACTUAL PROCREATION AND SCIENCES INTERFERANCE TO PRESEVE HUMAN KIND. Bibliography DR DONALD RIGUMAND> PSYCHOLOGGY OF TV> MANIPULATION> HUMAN NATURE> FREUDS TRUE DESIRES> THE GENDER INFERIORORITY COMPLEX> Psychology

Botticelli vs. Michelangelo essays

Botticelli vs. Michelangelo essays The Early Renaissance or the Florentine Renaissance all started when the Italian artists and intellectual minds felt an urge to return to their Classical roots. Having felt that they had broken radically with the past they began to speak of a rebirth of civilization. They rejected the more recent, medieval past, which constituted the Gothic era. Works by classical authors, lost to the West for centuries, were rediscovered, and with them, a new humanistic outlook that placed man and human achievement at the center of all things. In this time period Florentine artists, flourished largely because of the patronage of wealthy citizens and the church. Sandro Botticelli, the principal painter of the Medici family, created a prime example of Florentine Renaissance style artwork, which he titled The Birth of Venus. The Renaissance style is depicted in his classical subject matter, figures from antiquity, such as the goddess Venus and the three Graces. It is also in the effect of motion that he achieves, where he carefully places his figures in nearly balanced groupings, yet never loses a feeling of that motion and lightness. The Birth of Venus seems to be a combination of mythological and Christian ideas. On the surface, the painting represents not a Christian legend, but a classical myth: Venus, the goddess of love (the nude woman at the center of the work), has been born from the sea, and is being delicately blown to shore by Zephyrus, god of the winds, as another woman, perhaps a goddess, waits on shore to cover Venus with a cloak. Venus's modesty (despite that fact that she is indeed nude) and her pose refer to standard portrayals of the Virgin Mary. Zephyrus is recognizable as an angel, while the figure on the right refers to another standard religious subject, the baptism of Christ: specifically the way St. John the Baptist is usually pictured. The Birth of Venus represented the Florentine Renaissance style in that it took...

The Demographic Transition Definition in Sociology

The Demographic Transition Definition in Sociology Demographic transition is a model used to represent the movement of high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. It works on the premise that birth and death rates are connected to and correlate with stages of industrial development. The demographic transition model is sometimes referred to as DTM and is based on historical data and trends.   The Four Stages of Transition   Demographic transition involves four stages:   Stage 1: Death rates and birth rates are high and are roughly in balance, a common condition of a pre-industrial society. Population growth is very slow, influenced in part by the availability of food. The U.S. was said to be in Stage 1 in the 19th century.   Stage 2: This is the developing country phase. Death rates drop rapidly due to improvements in food supply and sanitation, which increases life spans and reduces disease. Without a corresponding fall in birth rates, countries in this stage experience a large increase in population. Stage 3: Birth rates fall due to access to contraception, increases in wages, urbanization, an increase in the status and education of women, and other social changes. Population growth begins to level off. Mexico is believed to be in this stage in the early decades of the millennium. Northern Europe entered this stage in the later part of the 19th century.   Stage 4:  Birth rates and death rates are both low in this stage. People born during S tage 2 are now beginning to age and require the support of a dwindling working population. Birth rates may drop below replacement level, considered to be two children per family. This leads to a shrinking population. Death rates may remain consistently low, or they may increase slightly due to increases in lifestyle diseases linked to low exercise levels and high obesity. Sweden has reached this stage in the 21st century.   The Fifth Stage of Transition   Some theorists include a fifth stage in which fertility rates begin to transition again to either above or below that which is necessary to replace the percentage of the population that is lost to death. Some say fertility levels decrease during this stage while others hypothesize that they increase. Rates are expected to increase populations in Mexico, India and the U.S. in the 21st century, and to decrease populations in Australia and China.   Birth and death rates largely plateaued in most developed nations in the late 1900s.   The Timetable There is no prescribed time within which these stages should or must take place to fit the model. Some countries, like Brazil and China, have moved through them quickly due to rapid economic changes within their borders. Other countries may languish in Stage 2 for a much longer period due to development challenges and diseases like AIDS.   Additionally, other factors not considered in the DTM can affect population. Migration and immigration are not included in this model and can affect population.

Effects of Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Effects of Media - Essay Example Thus, media is, for better or for worse, charged with nearly sole responsibility for forming people’s ideas of themselves, their relationships with others, and their views of society at large. The other side of the debate claims that mass media has no such effect, at least not in any way that can be conclusively proven. Scientists on each side of the debate claim that the opposing side has flaws in one aspect or another of their research. Such flaws include errors in methodology, misinterpretation of data, clear biases in research, and lack of comprehensive understanding of the media being studied (Gauntlett, 1998). The argument that contends mass media produces profoundly negative effects on those who absorb it is an aggressive one. This often comes across as foolhardy given the lack of empirical data to support the argument itself. Some individuals choose to malign media, television in particular, as being at worst an intentional design to instigate violence in viewers or at best a reckless lack of care regarding the incompetent nature of most viewers. The â€Å"at best† aspect of the argument particularly targets children. At this point, the argument against mass media implies the belief that children are incapable of intelligently and objectively viewing various forms of media, and are given to acting something out that they have seen. This is, of course, a veritable â€Å"Monkey see; Monkey do† interpretation of children’s abilities. In Gauntlett’s words, with regards to psychology and psychology studies, â€Å"children are often considered not so much in terms of what they can do, as what they (apparently) cannot† (1998). Such views are not necessarily appropriate, much less accurate. Chief amongst the complaints of researchers who have yet to accept any effects of mass media is, as was published in the Guardian, â€Å"as far as I can see there has been no

Computer crime and forensic Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer crime and forensic - Term Paper Example The good that he has done is to open up the activities of NSA, as well as its partner in Britain, who violates the privacy of the two countries citizens through secret government surveillances (Ball, 2013). This can be considered good, since it elicits a dialogue on the suitability and the unsuitability of such activities. For this reason, he should be protected by the whistle blowing agency, for having divulged sensitive, but vital information regarding government agencies. However, Edward Snowden has already caused too much damage on the reputation of the government agencies, as well as placing sensitive and classified information that is only accessible by the security agencies in the public domain, thus making the security of the countries prone to many breaches (The Economic Times, 2013). For such reasons, he may have committed a big blunder, though the result is that, it has opened a public debate on the security agencies breaching of the privacy of private individuals and enti ties. Thus, instead of considering him as a criminal, he should be treated as a hero who worked towards risking his life, for the sake ensuring that the public is aware of the existing violations. Therefore, he should not be incriminated. References Ball, J. (October 25, 2013). Leaked memos reveal GCHQ efforts to keep mass surveillance secret. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/oct/25/leaked-memos-gchq-mass-surveillance-secret-snowden Greenberg, A. (September 13, 2013). Intelligence Officials Admit That Edward Snowden's NSA Leaks Call For Reforms. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2013/09/13/intelligence-officials-admit-that-edward-snowdens-leaks-call-for-reforms/ The Economic Times. (Oct 26, 2013). Edward Snowden's leaks most serious in US history: ex-CIA official. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-10-26/news/43415706_1_intelligence-community-edward-snowden-intelligence-agencies Question 2 Mobile Threats This is a major threat to e very individual and even a threat personally, since it entails the installation of a malware on an individual’s mobile phone by criminals, who are able to manipulate the a malware program to be able to purchase items from the app store, without the permission of the mobile devise owner (McAfee report, 2012). The danger associated with this type of threat is that; it can drain the wallet accounts created by individuals for the purpose of online purchase of items from the app stores, since it can easily be installed on the mobile devices of such individuals, whenever they connect to the purchase sites. Malware This is another threat to the privacy and data accessibility of individuals, through the installation of malfunctioning software that blocks the operating system from being able to access data, thus blocking the accessibility of the data purchased, until the owner of the computer system pays some ransom. This type of software is called the ransomware (McAfee report, 2012) . This threat poses a danger to all of us, as well as to self, since it can be done to anyone’s computer. Big-Scale Attacks This is considered a big threat to all of us, since it is a malicious attack not specifically targeted at financial gain, but for the purposes of causing as much damage as possible to the computer systems. The most worrying aspect is that, the threat targets company systems, which will in turn put the performance

Where there is no William Shakespeare :: Biography Biographies Essays

Where there is no Shakespeare "You can be a genius and still be an ordinary man," remarks literary critique and historian A.L. Rowse, debating on the true originator of Shakespeare's work. It has been questioned whether Shakespeare- undoubtedly one of the most remarkable and acclaimed playwrights that the world has ever known, was the actual originator of his work. Although much is not confirmed about Shakespeare's work and life, there are many assumptions that lead scholars to question Shakespeare's identity due to his limited background, lack of original manuscripts, and his undocumented birth and death. Historians assume that Shakespeare was educated at Stratford Grammar School where he learned Latin and possibly Greek. Shakespeare was uneducated; he never attended any college, and in fact, there is no real evidence that he attended the Stratford Grammar School. The plays, however, were obviously written by a well-educated man, with an excellent knowledge of classical literature and mythology. Shakespeare did not attend a university- this questions how Shakespeare learned the French, Italian, Latin and Greek that provided the material for the plays. If he had attended the village school, he would have learned only small Latin and possibly Greek. Never having attended university, it draws many doubts on how the man from Stratford gain the knowledge the plays reveal of the law and medicine. Never having been at sea, it is unclear how Shakespeare gained the knowledge the plays reveal of navigation. It has been questioned how Shakespeare- a hick, uses the language of kin gs and countrymen. The plays show that their author was well acquainted with the activities and attitudes of the aristocrats, was sympathetic to those attitudes, and was well acquainted with court life and scheming. This strongly suggests that the author was himself an aristocrat. However, Shakespeare was a commoner, and had no direct knowledge of court life. Another fact that questions Shakespeare's work is that there is no document showing that the man from Stratford did write these works. There should be a record: his manuscripts, his letters, the letters sent to him, the letters about him between others, and printed stories and pamphlets about him. The only works related to Shakespeare's works are reviews and comments on the plays and poems.

Pride and Prejudice: an analysis of Mr. Wickham’s character Essay

To begin with, Wickham appears to have a good social etiquette which impresses the reader and Elizabeth, â€Å"Mr. Wickham was the happy man towards whom almost every female eye was turned†. Wickham makes a firm first impression and he appears to be amiable with a friendly disposition. â€Å"His appearance was greatly in favour†¦fine countenance†¦very pleasing address†, Wickham instantly takes Elizabeth’s favour and he seems a deferent character. Wickham is clever enough to encourage Elizabeth into thinking ill of Darcy by initially forming a trust with her and as Lizzy already dislikes him, it is easy for her to believe Wickham, â€Å"I have known him (Darcy) too long and too well to be a fair judge. It is impossible for me to be impartial†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ill-tempered man†. The reader is intrigued into Wickham’s opinion of him initially due to his social intelligence, his amiability and his first impressions to the town. Wickham continues to make Elizabeth think ill of Mr. Darcy by making himself seem the victim of the series of events between the two men. Wickham: â€Å"I cannot accuse myself of having really done anything to deserve to lose it†¦he hates me.† Due to the trust the reader and Lizzy have in Wickham, his story is accepted and we succumb to the claims he makes. Lizzy shows her naivety by immediately believing the story and replying â€Å"He deserves to be publicly disgraced!† Wickham’s character begins to be doubted in chapter eighteen when Darcy says â€Å"Mr. Wickham is blessed with such happy manners as may ensure his making friends – whether he may be equally capable of retaining them, is less certain.† However, as Darcy appears to us as such an ill-mannered character, we are unsure whether to believe him. His character is further doubted when Miss Bingley complains about Wickham to Elizabeth, â€Å"George Wickham has treated Mr. Darcy in a most infamous manner†¦Mr. Darcy is not in the least to blame.† Lizzy and the reader start to doubt their initial appraisal of Wickham as his likeable character far outweighs his shortcomings. Elizabeth shows her fond feelings towards Wickham by discovering that he is interested in the acquaintance of Miss King for merely the  £10,000 by saying â€Å"I should at present detest his very name†¦my feelings are not only cordial towards him.† The reader now sees Wickham’s bad intentions and how Lizzy is too fooled by his charm to see it. Wickham’s bad character is finally confirmed in Darcy’s letter explaining Wickham’s purposes at length, â€Å"he had some intentions of studying law†¦his life was full of idleness and dissipation†¦(Georgiana) was persuaded to believe herself in love, and to consent to an elopement†¦Mr. Wickham’s chief object was unquestionably my sister’s fortune.† Wickham is instantly seen for what he really is; superficial, deceitful and selfish with no concern for the damage he causes by his desire for pecuniary gain and greed. He masks his true character from Elizabeth and the reader and shows his true character of depravity.

Major General George McClellan in the Civil War

George Brinton McClellan was born December 23, 1826 in Philadelphia, PA. The third child of Dr. George McClellan and Elizabeth Brinton, McClellan briefly attended the University of Pennsylvania in 1840 before leaving to pursue legal studies. Bored with the law, McClellan elected to seek a military career two years later. With the aid of President John Tyler, McClellan received an appointment to West Point in 1842 despite being a year younger than the typical entry age of sixteen. In school, many of McClellans close friends, including A.P. Hill and Cadmus Wilcox, were from the South and would later become his adversaries during the Civil War. His classmates included future notable generals in Jesse L. Reno, Darius N. Couch, Thomas Stonewall Jackson, George Stoneman, and George Pickett. An ambitious student while at the academy, he developed a great interest in the military theories of Antoine-Henri Jomini and Dennis Hart Mahan. Graduating second in his class in 1846, he was assigned to the Corps of Engineers and ordered to remain at West Point. Mexican-American War This duty was brief as he was soon dispatched to the Rio Grande for service in the Mexican-American War. Arriving off the Rio Grande too late to take part in Major General Zachary Taylors campaign against Monterrey, he fell ill for a month with dysentery and malaria. Recovering, he shifted south to join General Winfield Scott for the advance on Mexico City. Preforming reconnaissance missions for Scott, McClellan gained invaluable experience and earned a brevet promotion to first lieutenant for his performance at Contreras and Churubusco. This was followed by a brevet to captain for his actions at the Battle of Chapultepec. As the war was brought to a successful conclusion, McClellan also learned the value of balancing political and military affairs as well as maintaining relations with civilian populations. Interwar Years McClellan returned to a training role at West Point after the war and oversaw a company of engineers. Settling into a series of peacetime assignments, he wrote several training manuals, aided in the construction of Fort Delaware, and took part in an expedition up the Red River led by his future father-in-law Captain Randolph B. Marcy. A skilled engineer, McClellan was later assigned to survey routes for the transcontinental railroad by Secretary of War Jefferson Davis. Becoming a favorite of Davis, he conducted an intelligence mission to Santo Domingo in 1854, before being promoted to captain the following year and posted to the 1st Cavalry Regiment. Due to his language skills and political connections, this assignment was brief and later that year he was dispatched as an observer to the Crimean War. Returning in 1856, he wrote of his experiences and developed training manuals based on European practices. Also during this time, he designed the McClellan Saddle for use by the US Army. Electing to capitalize on his railroad knowledge, he resigned his commission on January 16, 1857 and became the chief engineer and vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad. In 1860, he also became the president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad. Tensions Rise Though a gifted railroad man, McClellans primary interest remained the military and he considered returning the US Army and becoming a mercenary in support of Benito Juà ¡rez. Marrying Mary Ellen Marcy on May 22, 1860 in New York City, McClellan was an avid supporter of Democrat Stephen Douglas in the 1860 presidential election. With the election of Abraham Lincoln and the resulting Secession Crisis, McClellan was eagerly sought by several states, including Pennsylvania, New York, and Ohio, to lead their militia. An opponent of federal interference with slavery, he was also quietly approached by the South but refused citing his rejection of the concept of secession. Building an Army Accepting Ohios offer, McClellan was commissioned a major general of volunteers on April 23, 1861. In place four days, he wrote a detailed letter to Scott, now general-in-chief, outlining two plans for winning the war. Both were dismissed by Scott as unfeasible which led to tensions between the two men. McClellan re-entered federal service on May 3 and was named commander of the Department of the Ohio. On May 14, he received a commission as a major general in the regular army making him second in seniority to Scott. Moving to occupy western Virginia to protect the Baltimore Ohio Railroad, he courted controversy by announcing that he would not interfere with slavery in the area. Pushing through Grafton, McClellan won a series of small battles, including Philippi, but began to display the cautious nature and unwillingness to fully commit his command to battle that would dog him later in the war. The only Union successes to date, McClellan was ordered to Washington by President Lincoln after Brigadier General Irvin McDowells defeat at First Bull Run. Reaching the city on July 26, he was made commander of the Military District of the Potomac and immediately began assembling an army out of the units in the area. An adept organizer, he worked tirelessly to create the Army of the Potomac and cared deeply for the welfare of his men. In addition, McClellan ordered an extensive series of fortifications constructed to protect the city from Confederate attack. Frequently butting heads with Scott regarding strategy, McClellans favored fighting a grand battle rather than implementing Scotts Anaconda Plan. Also, he insistence on not interfering with slavery drew ire from Congress and the White House. As the army grew, he became increasingly convinced that the Confederate forces opposing him in northern Virginia badly outnumbered him. By mid-August, he believed that enemy strength numbered around 150,000 when in fact it seldom exceeded 60,000. Additionally, McClellan became highly secretive and refused to share strategy or basic army information with Scott and Lincolns cabinet. To the Peninsula In late October, the conflict between Scott and McClellan came to a head and the elderly general retired. As a result, McClellan was made general-in-chief, despite some misgivings from Lincoln. Increasingly more secretive regarding his plans, McClellan openly disdained the president, referring to him as a well-mannered baboon, and weakened his position through frequent insubordination. Facing growing anger over his inaction, McClellan was called to the White House on January 12, 1862 to explain his campaign plans. At the meeting, he outlined a plan calling for the army to move down the Chesapeake to Urbanna on the Rappahannock River before marching to Richmond. After several additional clashes with Lincoln over strategy, McClellan was forced to revise his plans when Confederate forces withdrew to a new line along the Rappahannock. His new plan called for landing at Fortress Monroe and advancing up the Peninsula to Richmond. Following the Confederate withdraw, he came under heavy criticism for allowing their escape and was removed as general-in-chief on March 11, 1862. Embarking six days later, the army began a slow movement to the Peninsula. Failure on the Peninsula Advancing west, McClellan moved slowly and again was convinced that he faced a larger opponent. Stalled at Yorktown by Confederate earthworks, he paused to bring up siege guns. These proved unnecessary as the enemy fell back. Crawling forward, he reached a point four miles from Richmond when he was attacked by General Joseph Johnston at Seven Pines on May 31. Though his line held, the high casualties shook his confidence. Pausing for three weeks to await reinforcements, McClellan was again attacked on June 25 by forces under General Robert E. Lee. Quickly losing his nerve, McClellan began falling back during a series of engagements known as the Seven Days Battles. This saw inconclusive fighting at Oak Grove on June 25 and a tactical Union victory at Beaver Dam Creek the next day. On June 27, Lee resumed his attacks and won a victory at Gaines Mill. Subsequent fighting saw Union forces driven back at Savages Station and Glendale before finally making at stand at Malvern Hill on July 1. Concentrating his army at Harrisons Landing on the James River, McClellan remained in place protected by the guns of the US Navy. The Maryland Campaign While McClellan remained on the Peninsula calling for reinforcements and blaming Lincoln for his failure, the president appointed Major General Henry Halleck as general-in-chief and ordered Major General John Pope to form the Army of Virginia. Lincoln also offered command of the Army of the Potomac to Major General Ambrose Burnside, but he declined. Convinced that the timid McClellan would not make another attempt on Richmond, Lee moved north and crushed Pope at the Second Battle of Manassas on August 28-30. With Popes force shattered, Lincoln, against the wishes of many Cabinet members, returned McClellan to overall command around Washington on September 2. Joining Popes men to the Army of the Potomac, McClellan moved west with his reorganized army in pursuit of Lee who had invaded Maryland. Reaching Frederick, MD, McClellan was presented with a copy of Lees movement orders which had been found by a Union soldier. Despite a boastful telegram to Lincoln, McClellan continued to move slowly allowing Lee to occupy the passes over South Mountain. Attacking on September 14, McClellans cleared the Confederates away at the Battle of South Mountain. While Lee fell back to Sharpsburg, McClellan advanced to Antietam Creek east of the town. An intended attack on the 16th was called off allowing Lee to dig in. Beginning the Battle of Antietam early on the 17th, McClellan established his headquarters far to the rear and was unable to exert personal control over his men. As a result, the Union attacks were not coordinated, allowing the outnumbered Lee to shift men to meet each in turn. Again believing that it was he who was badly outnumbered, McClellan refused to commit two of his corps and held them in reserve when their presence on the field would have been decisive. Though Lee retreated after the battle, McClellan had missed a key opportunity to crush a smaller, weaker army and perhaps end the war in the East. Relief 1864 Campaign In the wake of the battle, McClellan failed to pursue Lees wounded army. Remaining around Sharpsburg, he was visited by Lincoln. Again angered by McClellans lack of activity, Lincoln relieved McClellan on November 5, replacing him with Burnside. Though a poor field commander, his departure was mourned by the men who felt that Little Mac had always worked to care for them and their morale. Ordered to report to Trenton, NJ to await orders by Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, McClellan was effectively sidelined. Though public calls for his return were issued after the defeats at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, McClellan was left to write an account of his campaigns. Nominated as the Democratic candidate for the presidency in 1864, McClellan was hamstrung by his personal view that the war should be continued and the Union restored and the partys platform which called for an end to the fighting and a negotiated peace. Facing Lincoln, McClellan was undone by the deep divide in the party and numerous Union battlefield successes which bolstered the National Union (Republican) ticket. On election day, he was defeated by Lincoln who won with 212 electoral votes and 55% of the popular vote. McClellan only garnered 21 electoral votes. Later Life In the decade after the war, McClellan enjoyed two long trips to Europe and returned to the world of engineering and railroads. In 1877, he was nominated as the Democratic candidate for governor of New Jersey. He won the election and served a single term, leaving office in 1881. An avid supporter of Grover Cleveland, he had hoped to be named secretary of war, but political rivals blocked his appointment. McClellan suddenly died on October 29, 1885, after suffering from chest pains for several weeks. He was buried at Riverview Cemetery in Trenton, NJ.